Lie symmetry analysis, exact solutions and conservation laws for the time fractional modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation

In this work, Lie symmetry analysis (LSA) for the time fractional modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) equation with Riemann–Liouville (RL) derivative is analyzed. We transform the time fractional mZK equation to nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) of fractional order using its point symmetries with a new dependent variable. In the reduced equation, the derivative is in Erdelyi–Kober (EK) sense. We obtained exact traveling wave solutions by using fractional DξαG/G-expansion method. Using Ibragimov's nonlocal conservation method to time fractional nonlinear partial differential equations (FNPDEs), we compute conservation laws (CLs) for the mZK equation

Optical solitons and modulation instability analysis to the quadratic-cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation

This paper obtains the dark, bright, dark-bright, dark-singular optical and singular soliton solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity (QC-NLSE), which describes the propagation of solitons through optical fibers. The adopted integration scheme is the sine-Gordon expansion method (SGEM). Further more, the modulation instability analysis (MI) of the equation is studied based on the standard linear-stability analysis, and the MI gain spectrum is got. Physical interpretations of the acquired results are demonstrated. It is hoped that the results reported in this paper can enrich the nonlinear dynamical behaviors of the PNSE

Invariant Subspace and Classification of Soliton Solutions of the Coupled Nonlinear Fokas-Liu System

In this work, the coupled nonlinear Fokas-Liu system which is a special type of KdV equation is studied using the invariant subspace method (ISM). The method determines an invariant subspace and construct the exact solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) by reducing them to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). As a result of the calculations, polynomial and logarithmic function solutions of the equation are derived. Further more, the ansatz approached is utilized to derive the topological, non-topological and other singular soliton solutions of the system. Numerical simulation off the obtained results are shown

BET Surface Area Determination of Calcium Oxide from Adamawa Chalk Mineral Using Water Adsorption Method, for Use as Catalyst.

This paper describes a test procedure for determining the total surface area of chalk mineral using the water adsorption method. The test involves saturating the thermally treated chalk sample with saturated salt solution of known relative humidity, until the water vapor forms a monomolecular layer on the treated chalk sample surface. The results of the test are expressed as Specific Surface Area (SSA), which describes the surface area/unit mass of dry treated sample with units of m2g-1. The test results presented demonstrate the BET isotherm of chalk samples after being thermally treated at 700, 900, 1100 and 1200oC. Results for a number of different treated chalk samples are presented. The proposed method uses simple and inexpensive laboratory equipment, is relatively simple to perform, and allows for rapid determination of SSA. Keywords: specific surface area, chalk mineral, water vapor, BET isother

Optical Solitons Possessing Beta Derivative of the Chen-Lee-Liu Equation in Optical Fibers

This research obtains some new optical soliton solutions with beta derivative for Chen-Lee-Liu equation (CLL) in optical fibers. Three integration schemes which are Ricatti-Bernoulli (RB) sub-ODE, generalized Bernoulli (GB) sub-ODE and generalized tanh (GT) methods are applied to reach such solutions. The constraints conditions for the existence of soliton solutions are reported. The solutions are obtained using newly introduced fractional derivative called beta derivative. Numerical simulations of some of the obtained solutions are illustrated

Characterization and frequency of biofilms in adenotonsillitis: a retrospective study from a tertiary hospital in North-Eastern Nigeria

Background: Adenotonsillitis, a common condition characterized by inflammation of the adenoids and tonsils, is caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens. Biofilm formation has been linked to disease chronicity and antibiotic resistance. However, the role of biofilms in adenotonsillitis remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore biofilms in adenotonsillitis biopsies, focusing on their characterization, frequency, and demographic distribution by determining the expression of polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix using Congo red stain, determining the presence and frequency of bacterial as well as fungal biofilms in adenotonsillar tissue, investigating any potential associations with disease severity, and evaluating the age and sex distribution of patients with adenotonsillitis. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adenotonsillitis biopsies (n=50) collected from the university of Maiduguri teaching hospital. The expression of polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix was assessed using congo red stain. Bacterial and fungal biofilms were visualized using crystal violet and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stains, respectively. Data on patient demographics, diagnoses, and biofilm characteristics were analyzed. Results: Adenoidtonsillitis was the most common diagnosis (82%), predominantly affecting children aged 0-9 years (76%). Gram's reaction was positive in 70% of cases, while Congo red staining indicated polysaccharide expression in 60%. GMS staining revealed fungal elements in 18% of cases. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the characterization and frequency of bacterial and fungal biofilms in adenotonsillitis, emphasizing importance of biofilms in disease development and persistence. Understanding biofilm-associated infections can improve diagnostic and treatment strategies for adenotonsillitis in Nigeria and beyond

Dark-Bright Optical Soliton and Conserved Vectors to the Biswas-Arshed Equation With Third-Order Dispersions in the Absence of Self-Phase Modulation

The form-I version of the new celebrated Biswas-Arshed equation is studied in this work with the aid of complex envelope ansatz method. The equation is considered when self-phase is absent and velocity dispersion is negligibly small. New Dark-bright optical soliton solution of the equation emerge from the integration. The acquired solution combines the features of dark and bright solitons in one expression. The solution obtained are not yet reported in the literature. Moreover, we showed that the equation possess conservation laws (Cls)

Divlji sisavci u zatočeništvu kao potencijalni rezervoari invazija krvnim parazitima i ektoparazitima u čovjeka i domaćih životinja u sušnim područjima Sjeveroistočne Nigerije.

Haematological examination of 114 captive wild animals belonging to 3 groups revealed blood infection with one or more haemo or ecto-parasites per animal. The carnivores harboured infections with mainly Babesia canis, Babesia felis, and Trypanosoma brucei. Those encountered among the Artiodactyla were mainly Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma congolense and Anaplasma marginale. No haemoparasites were encountered in the Proboscidae. On the other hand, the primates had mainly Plasmodium schizonts and gametocytes. Parasitaemia due to trypanosomosis in the three animal groups were significantly (P<0.05) low and ranged between 2.5×103 to 4.5×103. Similarly, the percentages of RBC parasitized by Babesia, Anaplasma, Theileria and Haemobartonella as well as the number of monocytes parasitized by Ehrlichia, ranged from the lowest value of 6% in the pygmy hippopotamus (Choriopsis liberiansis) due to Anaplasma marginale to the highest value in the Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) which had 70% of its RBC parasitized with Babesia canis. The cheetah in question was imported from East Africa to Maiduguri Zoological Garden but later died as a result of the babesiosis before commencement of treatment during the period. Various species of ticks and large scores of haematophagus mechanical arthropod vectors were incriminated in the transmission processes. The significance of the results and potential risks to humans and domestic stock in the area is discussed.Pretragom krvnih razmazaka 114 divljih sisavaca držanih u zatočeništvu, svrstanih u tri skupine, dokazana je infekcija jednom ili više vrsta parazita po životinji. U mesoždera su dokazane vrste Babesia canis, Babesia felis i Trypanosoma brucei. U Artiodactyla, najčešće su dokazane praživotinje Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma congolense i Anaplasma marginale. U surlaša nisu dokazani krvni paraziti. U primata su uglavnom dokazani shizonti i gametocite roda Plasmodium. Parazitemija uzrokovana tripanosomama bila je u sve tri skupine značajno niska (P<0,05) i kretala se između 2,5×103 do 4,5×103. Postotak eritrocita invadiranih protozoima Babesia, Anaplasma, Theileria i Haemobartonella kao i broj monocita u kojima su dokazane erlihije kretao se od najnižih vrijednosti (6%) u pigmejskoga vodenoga konja (Choriopsis liberiansis) u kojega je utvrđena Anaplasma marginale do najviših vrijednosti u geparda (Acinonyx jubatus) u kojega je čak 70% eritrocita bilo invadirano vrstom Babesia canis. Gepard je bio uvezen iz istočne Afrike u Zoološki vrt u Maiduguriju gdje je i uginuo od babezioze prije započetog liječenja. Velika učestalost krvnih parazita povezuje se s velikom učestalošću broja krpelja i hematofagnih člankonožaca. Rezultati su raspravljeni u kontekstu moguće opasnosti za zdravlje životinja i ljudi

Functional properties and storage stability of optimized cereal-based complementary foods

The functional properties and good quality of food materials are important factors that determine the suitability for complementary foods for children. This study evaluated the functional properties and storage stability of cereal-based and legume- based complementary food (CF). Nutri-survey (2007) was used to optimize and generate six composite blends designated F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6 from yellow maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), millet (Pennisetumglaucum), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), soyabeans (Glycine max), and Moringa oleifera. Freshly prepared samples were subjected to analysis of functional properties. During storage, the composite blends were subjected to sensory evaluation, microbial count, moisture content, peroxide value and free fatty acid determination at 15-day intervals for a period of 60 days. Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and results expressed as mean and standard error of mean. Results of functional properties revealed that bulk density ranged from (0.63-0.81 g/cm3), water absorption capacity (86-90%), swelling index (0.33-1.34 cm3/g), reconstitution index (2.20-3.20) and pH (6.52-6.69). The organoleptic properties and keeping quality of the formulated complementary foods were not significantly different (P> 0.05) at baseline and end line. Therefore, this study provides a basis for the development of acceptable complementary foods with optimal functional properties and storage stability

Bacterial contaminants of new disposable ready-to-use plastic cups sold within Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

Background:&nbsp;Disposable cups are usually used for drinking without any form of pre-cleaning, this has the potential to expose individuals to pathogenic microorganisms, and unfortunately this issue has not been investigated in Gombe metropolis, hence, this study aimed to investigate the bacteriological aspect of the problem and to reduce the existing knowledge gap regarding this problem.&nbsp;Methods:&nbsp;Thirty samples were collected using simple random sampling from two different markets, then swab sticks pre-moistened with peptone water were used to swab the inner portions of the cups, put in sterile distilled water, serially diluted, inoculated on nutrient agar, and incubated. Identification of the isolates were done using their physical and biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility tests were done using disc diffusion method and interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;The total mesophilic bacterial counts ranged from 3.0×105&nbsp;to 9.9×105&nbsp;CFU/ml. These isolates were identified and tested for their sensitivity to some antibiotics which revealed that&nbsp;Escherichia coli &nbsp;(E.coli )&nbsp;were sensitive to augmentin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin, but intermediately resistant to chloramphenicol,&nbsp;Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)&nbsp;&nbsp;were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and augmentin, intermediately resistant to chloramphenicol, and resistant to ampicillin.&nbsp;Bacillus&nbsp;spp were sensitive to augmentin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin, while&nbsp;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&nbsp;(P.aeruginosa) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, augmentin, and chloramphenicol, but intermediately resistant to ampicillin.&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;These new disposable ready-to-use cups harbored some potentially pathogenic bacteria which were resistant to some antibiotics. It is therefore recommended that pre-use hygiene practices should be done on these cups prior to use to avert the health effects of consuming these bacteria